Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de aceites esenciales de las hojas de Aniba rosaeodora, Piper aduncum, y Citrus medica frente a cepas de Staphylococus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Bacillus cereus
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Universidad de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites
esenciales de las hojas de Aniba rosaeodora, Piper aduncum y Citrus medica mediante
el método de difusión en disco (Kirby Bauer). La muestra fue recolectada en la
comunidad de "T AMSIDY ACU', ubicado en las coordenadas geográficas
aproximadamente de 3° 59' 54'' de latitud sur 73° 09' 43" de longitud oeste, altitud de
108 m.s.n.m. distrito de Femando Lores, departamento de Loreto). La muestra se
identificó taxonómicamente en el Herbarium Amazonense (AMAZ) de la Facultad de
Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP) y fue
procesado en el laboratorio de Fitoquímica del Instituto de Medicina Tradicional
(IMET). La muestra fue secada por 72±2 horas en una cámara provista con
deshumidificador a 40±2ºC; Luego de la molienda se procedió a destilación por arrastre
con vapor. Luego se procedió a la determinación de las características farmacognósticas
de la muestra en estudio. El rendimiento de los aceites esenciales de Aniba rosaeodora,
Piper aduncum y Citrus medica fueron 6.38 %, 7.31 %, 6.26 %, respectivamente. La
mayor inhibición obtenida con el método de Kirby-Bauer se obtuvo con el aceite
esencial de Citrus medica (cidra) frente a Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 con un halo de
inhibición de 18 mm a una concentración de 15 mL por disco de papel filtro del extracto
del aceite esencial. El porcentaje de Inhibición Relativa fue mayor (94.73 %) para
Citrus medica (cidra) frente a Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, sin embargo en la CMI no
fue significativo. La concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) y la concentración
máxima bactericida (CBM) no se calcularon ya que la sensibilidad de las cepas a los
aceites esenciales fue reducida. Se concluye que la cepa Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579
presenta mayor sensibilidad frente al aceite esencial de Citrus medica.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of rosewood leaves, Piper aduncum and Citrus medica using the disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The sample was collected in the community of "TAMSHIYACU" located at the geographical coordinates approximately 3 º 59 '54 "South latitude 73 º 09' 43" west longitude, altitude of 108 m District ofFernando Lores, department ofLoreto). The sample was identified taxonomically in the Amazonian Herbarium (AMAZ), Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP) and was processed in the laboratory of Phytochemistry the Institute of Traditional Medicine (IMET). The sample was dried for 72 ± 2 hours in a chamber provided with dehumidifier at 40 ± 2 º C. After grinding proceeded to steam stripping distillation. Then he proceeded to the determination of the characteristics farmacognósticas of the study sample. The yield of the essential oils of rosewood, Piper aduncum and Citrus medica were 6.38%, 7.31%, 6.26%, respectively. The greatest inhibition obtained with the Kirby-Bauer method were obtained with the essential oil of Citrus medica (citron) against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 with an inhibition of 18 mm ata concentration of 15 ml per filter paper disc extract essential oil. Relative Inhibition percentage was higher (94.73%) for Citrus medica (citron) against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, the CMI however was not significant. The mínimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericida! concentration (MBC) were not calculated because the sensitivity of the strains to essential oils was reduced. It is concluded that the Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 has greater sensitivity compared to the essential oil of Citrus medica.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of rosewood leaves, Piper aduncum and Citrus medica using the disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The sample was collected in the community of "TAMSHIYACU" located at the geographical coordinates approximately 3 º 59 '54 "South latitude 73 º 09' 43" west longitude, altitude of 108 m District ofFernando Lores, department ofLoreto). The sample was identified taxonomically in the Amazonian Herbarium (AMAZ), Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP) and was processed in the laboratory of Phytochemistry the Institute of Traditional Medicine (IMET). The sample was dried for 72 ± 2 hours in a chamber provided with dehumidifier at 40 ± 2 º C. After grinding proceeded to steam stripping distillation. Then he proceeded to the determination of the characteristics farmacognósticas of the study sample. The yield of the essential oils of rosewood, Piper aduncum and Citrus medica were 6.38%, 7.31%, 6.26%, respectively. The greatest inhibition obtained with the Kirby-Bauer method were obtained with the essential oil of Citrus medica (citron) against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 with an inhibition of 18 mm ata concentration of 15 ml per filter paper disc extract essential oil. Relative Inhibition percentage was higher (94.73%) for Citrus medica (citron) against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, the CMI however was not significant. The mínimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericida! concentration (MBC) were not calculated because the sensitivity of the strains to essential oils was reduced. It is concluded that the Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 has greater sensitivity compared to the essential oil of Citrus medica.
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Keywords
Agentes antimicrobianos, Cultivo in vitro, Aceites esenciales, Hojas, Palo rosa, Aniba rosaeodora, Cordoncillo, Piper aduncum, Cidra, Citrus médica
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