Evaluación de anemia ferropénica y su asociación a parasitósis intestinal en niños en edad pre-escolar atendidos en el Centro de Salud 6 de Octubre, 2013
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana
Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de determinar la anemia Ferropénica y su
asociación con la parasitosis intestinal en niños en edad pre-escolar atendidos en el Centro de
Salud 6 de Octubre. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional, con diseño experimental
de tipo transversal durante los meses de abril a julio del 2013 en los niños menores de 5 años
que asistían a consulta médica, previa autorización de sus padres. La población de estudio
estuvo conformada por 404 niños, con una muestra poblacional de 197 niños comprendidos
en edades de 0 a 5 años. Los exámenes utilizados para la evaluación de los enteroparásitos
fueron los métodos directo, sedimentación espontánea y método de Graham. Para la
evaluación del estado nutricional se utilizó la Cartilla de Evaluación Nutricional de la NCHS
en niños menores de 5 años según los Indicadores antropométricos: Peso/talla, Peso/edad,
Talla/edad. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre venosa para determinar niveles de hemoglobina,
hematocrito y nivel de hierro por el método colorimétrico de Ferené®.
RESULTADO:
La prevalencia general de anemia fue de 7,1% y de los niños pre-escolares afectados, 13,7%
tenían anemia por déficit de hierro. La prevalencia de desnutrición severa fue de 0,5% y la de
desnutrición aguda, de 11,2%. Infecciones parasitarias fueron muy frecuentes (75,6%). Los
parásitos más comunes fueron Entamoeba coli (39,8%) y Ascaris lumbricoides (19,8%). Se
encontró relación entre la prevalencia de anemia y déficit de hierro por un lado, y los
indicadores nutricionales o de infección parasitaria por el otro.
Conclusión. La anemia es un problema grave de salud pública en la población estudiada. No
obstante, la prevalencia de niños con desnutrición aguda apunta a la necesidad de mejorar las
características de la dieta. La asociación entre la prevalencia de desnutrición y la anemia
podría deberse a una baja biodisponibilidad o absorción de hierro, más que a una ingestión
insuficiente. Se necesitan estudios que evalúen el tipo de dieta consumida habitualmente por
esta población.
The following study was developed to determine the ferropenic anaemia and its asociation with the intestinal parasitics on pre scholarship children. Asisted in the health center of 6 october. A correlational and descriptive study was developed with experimental design of transversal type during the months from april to july of 2013 on younger children of 5, who atended health appointment with previous authorization of their parents. The study sample was formed by 404 children, with a tested sample of 197 children formed by children from 0 to 5 years old. The used exams to evaluate the enteroparasitics were the direct method, spontaneous sedimentation and the Graham method. To evaluate the nutritional state, it was used the card of nutritional evaluation of the NCHS on younger children of 5 years old according the anthropometrical indicators.Weight/size, weight/year, size/year. Veinous blood samples were obtained to determine levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and level of iron by the colorimetric of Ferenè. RESULT: The general prevalency of anaemia is of 7,1%, and for the pre-school children who are afected with 13,7% they had with deficit of iron. The prevalency of severe desnutrition was of 0,5% and 11,2% for acute desnutrition. Parasitic infections were very frecuent (75,6%). The more common parasites were Entamoeba coli (39,8%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (19,8%). It wasn’t found any relationship between the prevalency of anaemia and deficit of iron at one side and the nutritional indicators or parasite infections at the other side. CONCLUSION: the anaemia isn`t a great problem of public health studied on the population. However the high prevalency of children with chronic desnutrition points out to improve the characteristic of the diet. The lack of relation between the prevalency of desnutrition and the anaemia could be because of a law of bioavailability or iron absortion, and not because of an insuficient ingestion. It is needed studies that evaluate the type of diet consumed normally by this population.
The following study was developed to determine the ferropenic anaemia and its asociation with the intestinal parasitics on pre scholarship children. Asisted in the health center of 6 october. A correlational and descriptive study was developed with experimental design of transversal type during the months from april to july of 2013 on younger children of 5, who atended health appointment with previous authorization of their parents. The study sample was formed by 404 children, with a tested sample of 197 children formed by children from 0 to 5 years old. The used exams to evaluate the enteroparasitics were the direct method, spontaneous sedimentation and the Graham method. To evaluate the nutritional state, it was used the card of nutritional evaluation of the NCHS on younger children of 5 years old according the anthropometrical indicators.Weight/size, weight/year, size/year. Veinous blood samples were obtained to determine levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and level of iron by the colorimetric of Ferenè. RESULT: The general prevalency of anaemia is of 7,1%, and for the pre-school children who are afected with 13,7% they had with deficit of iron. The prevalency of severe desnutrition was of 0,5% and 11,2% for acute desnutrition. Parasitic infections were very frecuent (75,6%). The more common parasites were Entamoeba coli (39,8%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (19,8%). It wasn’t found any relationship between the prevalency of anaemia and deficit of iron at one side and the nutritional indicators or parasite infections at the other side. CONCLUSION: the anaemia isn`t a great problem of public health studied on the population. However the high prevalency of children with chronic desnutrition points out to improve the characteristic of the diet. The lack of relation between the prevalency of desnutrition and the anaemia could be because of a law of bioavailability or iron absortion, and not because of an insuficient ingestion. It is needed studies that evaluate the type of diet consumed normally by this population.
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Anemia ferropénica, Parasitosis intestinales, Niño en edad preescolar, Evaluación
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