Factores familiares asociados al consumo de drogas psicoactivas, en estudiantes de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar, Iquitos 2016
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana
Abstract
El consumo de drogas, es un problema que afecta frecuentemente a la población
adolescente cuya influencia involucra a la dinámica de las familias. En este contexto
se realizó la investigación con el objetivo de determinar la asociación que existe entre
los factores familiares y el consumo de drogas psicoactivas, en estudiantes de
secundaria de la Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar, Iquitos 2016. Se empleó el
método cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional, transversal.
La población fue de 323 estudiantes y la muestra de 141, aplicando dos instrumentos
para la recolección de datos: la Escala de factores familiares, cuya dimensión
educación familiar en valores obtuvo validez de 95,43% y confiabilidad de 92,2%; y
los Criterios diagnósticos de consumo de drogas psicoactivas (CIE-10), con una
validez de 95,4% y confiabilidad de 90,1%. El programa estadístico fue el SPSS,
versión 22 para Windows XP, con nivel de confianza de 95% y nivel de significancia
de 0,05 (p<0,05) y para aceptar la hipótesis planteada se utilizó la prueba no
paramétrica de libre distribución Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (X2), obteniendo como
resultados: en los factores familiares, 56% tuvieron estructura familiar saludable,
79,4% disfunción familiar y 56% educación familiar en valores deficiente; en cuanto
al consumo de drogas psicoactivas, 78,7% no consume. Se obtuvo asociacion
estadística significativa entre: estructura familiar y consumo de drogas psicoactivas (p
= 0,013, p < 0,05); funcionalidad familiar y consumo de drogas psicoactivas (p =
0,047, p < 0,05); y educación familiar en valores y consumo de drogas psicoactivas (p
= 0,000 (p < 0,05)
Drug use is a problem that frequently affects the adolescent population whose influence involves the dynamics of families. In this context, the research was carried out with the objective of determining the association between family factors and psychoactive drug use in high school students of the Simón Bolívar Educational Institution, Iquitos 2016. The quantitative method was used, experimental, descriptive, correlational and transversal. The population was of 323 students and the sample of 141, applying two instruments for data collection: the Family Factors Scale, with a validity of 95.43% and reliability of 92.2% for the education dimension in values; And the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychoactive Drug Use (ICD-10), with validity of 95.4% and reliability of 90.1%. The statistical program was SPSS, version 22 for Windows XP, with a confidence level of 95% and a significance level of 0.05 (p <0.05). To accept the hypothesis, the nonparametric free-distribution test Pearson's Chi-square (X2), obtaining as results: in family factors, 56% had healthy family structure, 79.4% family dysfunction and 56% family education in poor values; In terms of psychoactive drug use, 78.7% do not consume. A statistically significant association was found between: family structure and psychoactive drug use (p = 0.013, p <0.05); family function and psychoactive drug use (p = 0.047, p <0.05); and family education in psychoactive drug values and consumption (p = 0.000 (p <0.05).
Drug use is a problem that frequently affects the adolescent population whose influence involves the dynamics of families. In this context, the research was carried out with the objective of determining the association between family factors and psychoactive drug use in high school students of the Simón Bolívar Educational Institution, Iquitos 2016. The quantitative method was used, experimental, descriptive, correlational and transversal. The population was of 323 students and the sample of 141, applying two instruments for data collection: the Family Factors Scale, with a validity of 95.43% and reliability of 92.2% for the education dimension in values; And the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychoactive Drug Use (ICD-10), with validity of 95.4% and reliability of 90.1%. The statistical program was SPSS, version 22 for Windows XP, with a confidence level of 95% and a significance level of 0.05 (p <0.05). To accept the hypothesis, the nonparametric free-distribution test Pearson's Chi-square (X2), obtaining as results: in family factors, 56% had healthy family structure, 79.4% family dysfunction and 56% family education in poor values; In terms of psychoactive drug use, 78.7% do not consume. A statistically significant association was found between: family structure and psychoactive drug use (p = 0.013, p <0.05); family function and psychoactive drug use (p = 0.047, p <0.05); and family education in psychoactive drug values and consumption (p = 0.000 (p <0.05).
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Keywords
Drogas, Consumo, Alumnos de secundaria, Estructura familiar
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