Evaluación bromatológica y de antioxidantes fenólicos presentes en la pulpa de Euterpe precatoria Mart y Euterpe Oleracea Mart (Huasaí)
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
En el Perú, existen pocos reportes de caracterización del fruto del huasaí de las
especies Euterpe precatoria Mart. (EP) y Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO) así como de los
valores de compuestos fenólicos. Por lo que, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue
evaluar la composición bromatológica y antioxidantes fenólicos presentes en la pulpa
integral (pulpa y cáscara) de frutos de las dos especies de huasaí la amazonia peruana.
Los frutos de EO fueron obtenidos del Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos
Naturales – CIRNA, mientras que los frutos de EP fueron comprados de un productor
local de la ciudad de Nauta. La pulpa y cáscara de los frutos fueron separados
manualmente para posterior análisis de caracterización (peso, medida longitudinal,
medida transversal y rendimiento); Fisicoquímico (acidez, pH, °Brix); proximal
(humedad, ceniza, grasa, proteínas, fibra bruta, carbohidratos y energía) y contenido
de minerales (P, Na, Fe, Ca, Zn, K). También fue realizado tamizaje fitoquímico y
análisis de antioxidantes fenólicos (Fenoles totales, flavonoides, antocianinas y
taninos condensados). La pulpa integral de EO presentó valores significativamente
mayores en % acidez, % proteína, carbohidratos totales, y energía, cuando comparado
a EP. El contenido de fibra bruta en ambas pulpas fueron superiores al 50%, siendo
56.3% (EP) vs. 52.4% (EO) respectivamente. Así mismo, fueron encontrados
considerables valores de Sodio, Potasio, Fosforo en las pulpas integrales de ambos
frutos. Por otro lado, Se corroboró la presencia de compuestos fenólicos de carácter
antioxidante destacando a las antocianinas y los compuestos fenólicos totales en
ambas pulpas. Estos resultados nos indican gran potencial que tienen las pulpas
integrales de los frutos de huasaí como nutracéutico o funcional.
In Peru, there are few reports of characterization of the huasaí fruit of the Euterpe precatoria Mart. (EP) and Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO) as well as the values of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the bromatological composition and phenolic antioxidants present in the integral pulp (pulp and skin) of fruits of the two species of Peruvian Amazonian huasaí. The fruits of EO were obtained from the Research Center of Natural Resources - CIRNA, while the fruits of EP were purchased from a local producer in the city of Nauta. The pulp and skin of the fruits were manually separated for further characterization analysis (weight, longitudinal measurement, transverse measurement and yield); Physicochemical (acidity, pH, ° Brix); proximal (humidity, ash, fat, proteins, crude fiber, carbohydrates and energy) and mineral content (P, Na, Fe, Ca, Zn, K). Phytochemical screening and analysis of phenolic antioxidants (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and condensed tannins) were also carried out. The integral pulp of EO presented significantly higher values in % acidity, % protein, total carbohydrates, and energy, when compared to EP. The crude fiber content in both pulps was greater than 50%, being 56.3% (EP) vs. 52.4% (EO) respectively. Likewise, considerable values of Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus were found in the integral pulps of both fruits. On the other hand, the presence of phenolic compounds of antioxidant character was corroborated, highlighting the anthocyanins and the total phenolic compounds in both pulps. These results indicate that the integral pulps of huasai fruits have great potential as nutraceutical or functional.
In Peru, there are few reports of characterization of the huasaí fruit of the Euterpe precatoria Mart. (EP) and Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO) as well as the values of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the bromatological composition and phenolic antioxidants present in the integral pulp (pulp and skin) of fruits of the two species of Peruvian Amazonian huasaí. The fruits of EO were obtained from the Research Center of Natural Resources - CIRNA, while the fruits of EP were purchased from a local producer in the city of Nauta. The pulp and skin of the fruits were manually separated for further characterization analysis (weight, longitudinal measurement, transverse measurement and yield); Physicochemical (acidity, pH, ° Brix); proximal (humidity, ash, fat, proteins, crude fiber, carbohydrates and energy) and mineral content (P, Na, Fe, Ca, Zn, K). Phytochemical screening and analysis of phenolic antioxidants (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and condensed tannins) were also carried out. The integral pulp of EO presented significantly higher values in % acidity, % protein, total carbohydrates, and energy, when compared to EP. The crude fiber content in both pulps was greater than 50%, being 56.3% (EP) vs. 52.4% (EO) respectively. Likewise, considerable values of Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus were found in the integral pulps of both fruits. On the other hand, the presence of phenolic compounds of antioxidant character was corroborated, highlighting the anthocyanins and the total phenolic compounds in both pulps. These results indicate that the integral pulps of huasai fruits have great potential as nutraceutical or functional.
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Keywords
Antioxidantes, Compuestos fenólicos, Huasaí, Euterpe precatoria, Euterpe oleracea, Pulpa, Bromatología
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