Defoliación y retención de frutos de Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh “camu camu”, en suelo inundable distrito Belén, Loreto, Perú
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de controlar la retención de frutas de Myrciaria dubia “Camu camu” con niveles de Ácido Giberelico 3 y como también la variación de la época de reproducción de la misma con defoliación química, en la región de Loreto, Perú. La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo, prospectivo, transversal, analítico y de nivel explicativo. Para determinar el efecto de los niveles de ácido giberelico y época de
reproducción, se seleccionaron 48 plantas de 7 años, siendo seleccionadas en forma aleatoria, de las cuales 24 fueron defoliadas, y las otras 24 no fueron sin defoliación, aplicándose a todos ellos el ácido giberelico. Las características evaluadas fueron: número de flores, número de frutas retenidas en fase 3, número de frutas retenidas en la fase 5, número de frutas caídas en la fase 3 y peso de frutas (g). Los resultados nos muestran que hay superioridad en número de flores al haber defoliación por estimulación de la misma. La defoliación promovió un mayor porcentaje de frutas retenidas en la (T2) fase 3, y en la (T4) fase 5 hay una marcada retención de frutas donde no se hizo defoliación y dosificación de AG3. Existe una natural caída critica de frutas, siendo abundante entre la (T6) fase 1- 3. Hubo alteración fisiológica por defoliación y aplicación de AG3 y se reflejan negativamente en los pesos de frutas. Respecto a fenología de las plantas que fueron defoliadas ocurrió a los 170 días, desde la floración a la cosecha, mientras en las no defoliadas fue de 247 días, consiguiendo adelantar la época de cosecha. Bajo condiciones de manejo con dosificación con AG3 y defoliación, las plantas responden de manera diferente sin significancia alguna y en la cosecha las frutas muestran iguales características para ambas fenologías.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of controlling the retention of Myrciaria dubia "Camu camu" fruits with levels of Gibberellic Acid 3 and also the variation of the reproduction season of the same with chemical defoliation, in the Loreto region, Peru. The research was quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional, analytical and explanatory. To determine the effect of gibberellic acid levels and reproduction season, 48 7-year-old plants were selected, being randomly selected, of which 24 were defoliated, and the other 24 were not without defoliation, applying to all of them the gibberelic acid. The evaluated characteristics were: number of flowers, number of fruits retained in phase 3, number of fruits retained in phase 5, number of fallen fruits in phase 3 and fruit weight (g). The results show us that there is a superiority in the number of flowers as there is defoliation due to its stimulation. Defoliation promoted a higher percentage of fruits retained in (T2) phase 3, and in (T4) phase 5 there is a marked retention of fruits where defoliation and dosage of AG3 were not done. There is a natural critical fall of fruits, being abundant between (T6) phase 1-3. There was physiological alteration due to defoliation and application of AG3 and they are negatively reflected in the fruit weights. Regarding the phenology of the plants that were defoliated, it occurred at 170 days, from flowering to harvest, while in the non-defoliated plants it was 247 days, managing to advance the harvest season. Under management conditions with dosing with AG3 and defoliation, the plants respond differently without any significance and at harvest the fruits show the same characteristics for both phenologies.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of controlling the retention of Myrciaria dubia "Camu camu" fruits with levels of Gibberellic Acid 3 and also the variation of the reproduction season of the same with chemical defoliation, in the Loreto region, Peru. The research was quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional, analytical and explanatory. To determine the effect of gibberellic acid levels and reproduction season, 48 7-year-old plants were selected, being randomly selected, of which 24 were defoliated, and the other 24 were not without defoliation, applying to all of them the gibberelic acid. The evaluated characteristics were: number of flowers, number of fruits retained in phase 3, number of fruits retained in phase 5, number of fallen fruits in phase 3 and fruit weight (g). The results show us that there is a superiority in the number of flowers as there is defoliation due to its stimulation. Defoliation promoted a higher percentage of fruits retained in (T2) phase 3, and in (T4) phase 5 there is a marked retention of fruits where defoliation and dosage of AG3 were not done. There is a natural critical fall of fruits, being abundant between (T6) phase 1-3. There was physiological alteration due to defoliation and application of AG3 and they are negatively reflected in the fruit weights. Regarding the phenology of the plants that were defoliated, it occurred at 170 days, from flowering to harvest, while in the non-defoliated plants it was 247 days, managing to advance the harvest season. Under management conditions with dosing with AG3 and defoliation, the plants respond differently without any significance and at harvest the fruits show the same characteristics for both phenologies.
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Defoliación, Caida prematura de frutos, Camu camu, Myrciaria dubia, Zona húmeda
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