Estudio de la ejecución del presupuesto de gastos del Gobierno Regional de Loreto, periodo 2013 - 2017
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El Gobierno Regional de Loreto es el ente público encargado de atender las
necesidades de la población e impulsar su desarrollo. Para ello lleva a cabo
una serie de estrategias y actividades que, necesariamente, tienen que ir
acompañados de un presupuesto para dotarles de recursos y se puedan
ejecutar. Una de las principales fuentes de ingreso fue el canon y
sobre canon petrolero, pero se vio reducido por la caída de la producción
petrolera desde el año 2014, debiendo ser asumido por el Gobierno Nacional
mediante transferencias. La investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar el
comportamiento de la ejecución del presupuesto de gastos del Gobierno
Regional de Loreto, en el periodo 2013 - 2017. Con este propósito, se llevó
a cabo la presente investigación de tipo Descriptivo y de diseño No
Experimental, analizando los gastos del Gobierno Regional de Loreto los que
están distribuidos en dos grandes categorías: gastos corrientes y gastos de
capital. Los gastos totales de la institución en el periodo 2013 - 2017
ascendieron a S/. 6,605’966,000.00; siendo los “Gastos Corrientes” S/.
5,357’006,000.00 equivalente al 81.09% del total. Estos gastos
estuvieron dirigidos a financiar las planillas de los trabajadores de la
institución, planilla que se ve incrementada permanentemente sobre
todo cuando existe cambio de Gobernador, para pagar los favores
políticos de campaña. Por otro lado, los “Gastos de Capital”
significaron el 18.91% del total equivalente a S/. 1,248’960,000.00; este
gasto tiende a ampliar la producción y es la que efectivamente
promueve el desarrollo de la región, a diferencia del gasto corriente
que la posterga. El estudio detallado de los gastos corrientes
demuestra que el ítem “Personal y Obligaciones” significó el 63.70% de
los gastos corrientes. En este mismo grupo figura el rubro “Bienes y
Servicios” en él se gastó 27.75% del total. Entre ambos congregan el
91.45% del total. Cuando se pormenorizó el “Gasto de Capital”, se
pudo observar que “Adquisición de Activos” constituyó el 97.16% del
total, lo que resulta sumamente positivo. Teniendo una visión general
de la ejecución presupuestal, se recomienda que se implemente con
urgencia la Ley de Servicio Civil para profesionalizar al recurso humano
que se halla laborando en la institución, dejando de lado los
nombramientos o contrataciones por cuestiones políticas sino
atribuibles a los méritos que posee. Se debe buscar una institución
ágil, que responda de inmediato a las necesidades planteadas, pero
con un alto nivel de profesionalismo, haciendo un uso eficiente de los
recursos económicos que cada vez son más escasos.
The Regional Government of Loreto is the public entity in charge of meeting the needs of the population and promoting their development. For this, it carries out a series of strategies and activities that, necessarily, must be accompanied by a budget to provide them with resources and can be executed. One of the main sources of income was the canon and oil surcharge but was reduced by the fall in oil production since 2014 and must be assumed by the National Government through transfers. The objective of the research was to study the behavior of the execution of the budget of expenses of the Regional Government of Loreto, in the period 2013 - 2017. With this purpose, the present investigation was carried out of descriptive and non-experimental design, analyzing the expenses of the Regional Government of Loreto, which are divided into two broad categories: current expenses and capital expenditures. The total expenses of the institution in the period 2013 - 2017 amounted to S/. 6,605'966,000.00; being the "Current Expenses" S/. 5,357'006,000.00 equivalent to 81.09% of the total. These expenses were directed to finance the payrolls of the workers of the institution, payroll that is permanently increased especially when there is a change of Governor, to pay political campaign favors. On the other hand, "Capital Expenses" represented 18.91% of the total equivalent to S/. 1,248,960,000.00; this spending tends to expand production and is what promotes the development of the region, unlike the current expenditure that postpones it. The detailed study of current expenses shows that the item "Personal and Obligations" represented 63.70% of current expenses. In this same group appears the item "Goods and Services" in which 27.75% of the total was spent. Between both they congregate 91.45% of the total. When the "Capital Expenditure" was detailed, it was observed that "Acquisition of Assets" constituted 97.16% of the total, which is extremely positive. Having an overview of the budget execution, it is recommended that the Civil Service Law be implemented urgently to professionalize the human resource that is working in the institution, leaving aside the appointments or hiring for political reasons but attributable to the merits that has. An agile institution must be found, which responds immediately to the needs raised, but with a high level of professionalism, making efficient use of the economic resources that are increasingly scarce.
The Regional Government of Loreto is the public entity in charge of meeting the needs of the population and promoting their development. For this, it carries out a series of strategies and activities that, necessarily, must be accompanied by a budget to provide them with resources and can be executed. One of the main sources of income was the canon and oil surcharge but was reduced by the fall in oil production since 2014 and must be assumed by the National Government through transfers. The objective of the research was to study the behavior of the execution of the budget of expenses of the Regional Government of Loreto, in the period 2013 - 2017. With this purpose, the present investigation was carried out of descriptive and non-experimental design, analyzing the expenses of the Regional Government of Loreto, which are divided into two broad categories: current expenses and capital expenditures. The total expenses of the institution in the period 2013 - 2017 amounted to S/. 6,605'966,000.00; being the "Current Expenses" S/. 5,357'006,000.00 equivalent to 81.09% of the total. These expenses were directed to finance the payrolls of the workers of the institution, payroll that is permanently increased especially when there is a change of Governor, to pay political campaign favors. On the other hand, "Capital Expenses" represented 18.91% of the total equivalent to S/. 1,248,960,000.00; this spending tends to expand production and is what promotes the development of the region, unlike the current expenditure that postpones it. The detailed study of current expenses shows that the item "Personal and Obligations" represented 63.70% of current expenses. In this same group appears the item "Goods and Services" in which 27.75% of the total was spent. Between both they congregate 91.45% of the total. When the "Capital Expenditure" was detailed, it was observed that "Acquisition of Assets" constituted 97.16% of the total, which is extremely positive. Having an overview of the budget execution, it is recommended that the Civil Service Law be implemented urgently to professionalize the human resource that is working in the institution, leaving aside the appointments or hiring for political reasons but attributable to the merits that has. An agile institution must be found, which responds immediately to the needs raised, but with a high level of professionalism, making efficient use of the economic resources that are increasingly scarce.
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Ejecución del presupuesto, Gastos públicos, Gobierno regional
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