Identificación molecular y análisis bioquímico de cianobacterias nativas aisladas de cuerpos de agua de la región Loreto
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
Las cianobacterias son procariotas fotosintéticos con distribución cosmopolita.
Debido a los múltiples compuestos bioactivos que producen y las diversas
aplicaciones potenciales que pueden tener, han llamado la atención de la
comunidad científica. Sin embargo, aún existen vacíos en el conocimiento científico
básico de las cianobacterias y por ende tienen limitado uso biotecnológico. Por
tanto, para ampliar los conocimientos científicos de estos microorganismos, la
presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general identificar molecularmente y
realizar el análisis bioquímico de cianobacterias nativas aisladas de cuerpos de
agua de la región Loreto. Las muestras de agua fueron colectadas de los ríos
Amazonas, Itaya y Ucayali e inicialmente enriquecidas para estimular el crecimiento
de cianobacterias. Posteriormente, estas fueron aisladas y cultivadas con métodos
estándares. Luego, las cianobacterias aisladas fueron identificadas morfológica
(por microscopía) y molecularmente (por amplificación de las regiones variables V3-
V5 del gen ribosomal 16S) y caracterizadas a nivel bioquímico. Se logró el
aislamiento, cultivo en condiciones axénicas e identificación molecular de dos
géneros de cianobacterias (Anabaena sp. y Aphanocapsa sp.). Los análisis
bioquímicos muestran diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambos géneros
en el contenido de lípidos totales, carbohidratos, proteínas y cenizas. En
conclusión, se ha aislado y cultivado de manera exitosa las cianobacterias
Anabaena sp. y Aphanocapsa sp., las mismas que fueron identificadas morfológica
y molecularmente. Asimismo, se caracterizaron por mostrar diferencias estadísticas
significativas en su composición bioquímica.
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with a cosmopolitan distribution. Due to the multiple bioactive compounds they produce and the various potential applications they can have, they have caught the attention of the scientific community. However, there are still gaps in the basic scientific knowledge of cyanobacteria and therefore they have limited biotechnological use. Therefore, to broaden the scientific knowledge of these microorganisms, the general objective of the present investigation was to molecularly identify and carry out the biochemical analysis of native cyanobacteria isolated from bodies of water in the Loreto region. The water samples were collected from the Amazon, Itaya and Ucayali rivers and initially enriched to stimulate the growth of cyanobacteria. Later, these were isolated and cultured with standard methods. Then, the isolated cyanobacteria were identified morphologically (by microscopy) and molecularly (by amplification of the variable regions V3-V5 of the 16S ribosomal gene) and characterized at the biochemical level. Isolation, culture under axenic conditions and molecular identification of two genera of cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. And Aphanocapsa sp.) Were achieved. Biochemical analyzes show statistically significant differences between both generes in the content of total lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and ash. In conclusion, the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. Has been successfully isolated and cultured. and Aphanocapsa sp., the same ones that were identified morphologically and molecularly. Likewise, they were characterized by showing significant statistical differences in their biochemical composition.
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with a cosmopolitan distribution. Due to the multiple bioactive compounds they produce and the various potential applications they can have, they have caught the attention of the scientific community. However, there are still gaps in the basic scientific knowledge of cyanobacteria and therefore they have limited biotechnological use. Therefore, to broaden the scientific knowledge of these microorganisms, the general objective of the present investigation was to molecularly identify and carry out the biochemical analysis of native cyanobacteria isolated from bodies of water in the Loreto region. The water samples were collected from the Amazon, Itaya and Ucayali rivers and initially enriched to stimulate the growth of cyanobacteria. Later, these were isolated and cultured with standard methods. Then, the isolated cyanobacteria were identified morphologically (by microscopy) and molecularly (by amplification of the variable regions V3-V5 of the 16S ribosomal gene) and characterized at the biochemical level. Isolation, culture under axenic conditions and molecular identification of two genera of cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. And Aphanocapsa sp.) Were achieved. Biochemical analyzes show statistically significant differences between both generes in the content of total lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and ash. In conclusion, the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. Has been successfully isolated and cultured. and Aphanocapsa sp., the same ones that were identified morphologically and molecularly. Likewise, they were characterized by showing significant statistical differences in their biochemical composition.
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Cianobacterias, Identificación, Análisis bacteriológico, Procesos bioquímicos, Cuerpos de agua
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