Obtención de biodiésel a partir del aceite de Aiphanes horrida (shica shica) – Iquitos
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El presente trabajo, estudia la obtención de biodiesel a partir del aceite de Aiphanes horrida (Shica shica). La materia prima se colecto en la Provincia de Lamas, Departamento de San Martin - Perú. El aceite fue extraído de la almendra del fruto, mediante prensado en frío, obteniendo un rendimiento de 6,5%, se realizó el análisis fisicoquímico presentando las siguientes características: Humedad 0,46%, Índice de refracción a 25 ºC 1,453, densidad 0,87 g/ml, viscosidad 30°C 9,0841 cp, índice de acidez 1,35 mg KOH/g., índice de saponificación 188,7 mg KOH/g., ácidos grasos libres 0,68% (% ácido oleico). La obtención del biodiesel se realizó mediante transesterificación alcalina del aceite, utilizando metanol e hidróxido de sodio como catalizador. La reacción se llevó a cabo a escala de laboratorio en un balón esférico de 1000 ml, con agitación constante, usando reflujo de condensación y control de temperatura. Se desarrolló, un diseño experimental de tres variables a dos niveles 23. Las variables analizadas fueron: Relación molar aceite/alcohol (1:6 y 1:9), tiempo de reacción (30 min. y 60 min.) y porcentaje de catalizador (0,5% y 1%). La conversión se determinó dividiendo la masa del biodiesel obtenido (purificado) entre la masa del aceite usado. La mayor conversión del proceso que se obtiene en los 8 ensayos ejecutados es de 85,5%, cuando se trabajó a una relación molar RM= 1:6, tiempo de reacción TR=30 min., y concentración del catalizador de 0,5%.
This paper studies the production of biodiesel from oil Aiphanes horrida (Shica shica). The raw material is collected in the province of Lamas, Department of San Martin - Peru. The oil was extracted from the kernel of the fruit, by cold pressing, resulting in a yield of 6,5%, the physicochemical analysis was performed having the following characteristics: Moisture 0,46% Refractive index at 25 ° C 1,453; density 0,87 g/ml; viscosity 30 °C 9,0841 cp; acid index 1,35 mg KOH /g.; saponification index 188,7 mg KOH/g.; 0.68% free fatty acids (% oleic acid ). The reaction was carried out at laboratory scale in a spherical ball 1000 ml, with constant stirring, using reflux condensation and temperature control. Developed an experimental design of three variables at two levels 23. The variables analyzed were: molar ratio oil/alcohol (1:6 to 1:9), reaction time (30 min and 60 min), and percentage of catalyst (0.5% and 1%). The conversion was determined by dividing the mass of biodiesel obtained (purified) between mass of used oil. The highest conversion is obtained of the process executed in the 8 tests is 85,5% when it was operated at a molar ratio RM = 1: 6, reaction time RT = 30 min., and catalyst concentration 0.5%.
This paper studies the production of biodiesel from oil Aiphanes horrida (Shica shica). The raw material is collected in the province of Lamas, Department of San Martin - Peru. The oil was extracted from the kernel of the fruit, by cold pressing, resulting in a yield of 6,5%, the physicochemical analysis was performed having the following characteristics: Moisture 0,46% Refractive index at 25 ° C 1,453; density 0,87 g/ml; viscosity 30 °C 9,0841 cp; acid index 1,35 mg KOH /g.; saponification index 188,7 mg KOH/g.; 0.68% free fatty acids (% oleic acid ). The reaction was carried out at laboratory scale in a spherical ball 1000 ml, with constant stirring, using reflux condensation and temperature control. Developed an experimental design of three variables at two levels 23. The variables analyzed were: molar ratio oil/alcohol (1:6 to 1:9), reaction time (30 min and 60 min), and percentage of catalyst (0.5% and 1%). The conversion was determined by dividing the mass of biodiesel obtained (purified) between mass of used oil. The highest conversion is obtained of the process executed in the 8 tests is 85,5% when it was operated at a molar ratio RM = 1: 6, reaction time RT = 30 min., and catalyst concentration 0.5%.
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Aceites vegetales, Shica shica, Aiphanes horrida, Obtención, Biocombustibles
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