Factores de riesgos asociados a cáncer de colon en pacientes atendidos en hospitales de Iquitos, 2008 - 2012
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El cáncer de colon es un problema importante de salud pública entre hombre y
mujeres del mundo, pues representa el 15% de los tumores diagnosticados en el
hombre, teniendo una tasa de supervivencia a cinco años es de 90%, en
aquellas personas que fueron diagnosticados a tiempo, siendo detectados en un
37% de los casos en estadio temprano.
El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si existe asociación entre los
factores de riesgo y el cáncer de colon en los hospitales Regional y Apoyo
Iquitos.
Se empleó el método cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, correlacional,
transversal, retrospectivo. La muestra quedó integrada por 28 historias
clínicas: 14 diagnosticados con cáncer de colon y 14 atendidos que no tuvieron
Cáncer de Colon. Los datos se recolectaron aplicando el instrumento Ficha de
Registro Factores de Riesgo Oncológico Asociados a Cáncer de Colon. Se
procesaron los datos con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21. En los
resultados: el 78,6% fueron del sexo femenino, 50,0% adultos mayores, el
estadio I prevaleció en un 57,1%, los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron;
dolor abdominal, 50,0%, estreñimiento, melena con 7,1 y 21,4%
respectivamente, 14,3% con habito de tabaquismo, 21,6% con hipertensión
arterial.
Al Asociar los factores de riesgo y el cáncer de colon, se obtuvo que: no existe
relación estadística significativa entre: hábito de fumar y el cáncer de colon (p
= 0,877; p > 0,05,), Hipertensión Arterial y el cáncer de colon (p = 0,827; p >
0,05); Diabetes Mellitus y el cáncer de colon (p = 0,172; p > 0,05); Sexo y
Cáncer de Colon (p = 0,194; p > 0,05).
Sin embargo con el único factor de riesgo no modificable que fue la edad y el
cáncer de colon, se obtuvo que: existe relación estadística significativa (p =
0,00; p < 0,05).
En conclusión podemos decir que a mayor edad, mayor será el riesgo de
contraer cáncer de colon.
Colon cancer is a major public health problem among men and women in the world, accounting for 15% of tumors diagnosed in men, having a survival rate at five years is 90%, in those who were diagnosed time, being detected in 37% of early-stage cases. The study aimed to determine the association between risk factors and colon cancer in Iquitos Support Regional and hospitals. The quantitative method, non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional, retrospective design was used. The sample was composed of 28 medical records: 14 diagnosed with colon cancer and 14 had not attended Colon Cancer. Data were collected using the Tab instrument Registration Cancer Risk Factors Associated with Colon Cancer. 78.6% were female, 50.0% elderly, stage I prevailed in 57.1%, the most common signs and symptoms: data with SPSS version 21. The results were processed they were; abdominal pain, 50.0%, constipation, hair with respectively 7,1 and 21,4%, 14.3% with smoking habit, 21.6% with hypertension. Associating the risk factors and colon cancer, it was found that: there is no significant statistical relationship between: smoking and colon cancer (p = 0.877; p> 0.05), hypertension and cancer colon (p = 0.827; p> 0.05); Diabetes Mellitus and colon cancer (p = 0.172; p> 0.05); Sex and Colon Cancer (p = 0.194; p> 0.05). However with the only modifiable risk factor that was not age and colon cancer, it was found that: There is significant relationship (p = 0.00; p <0.05). In conclusion we can say that the older, the higher the risk of colon cancer.
Colon cancer is a major public health problem among men and women in the world, accounting for 15% of tumors diagnosed in men, having a survival rate at five years is 90%, in those who were diagnosed time, being detected in 37% of early-stage cases. The study aimed to determine the association between risk factors and colon cancer in Iquitos Support Regional and hospitals. The quantitative method, non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional, retrospective design was used. The sample was composed of 28 medical records: 14 diagnosed with colon cancer and 14 had not attended Colon Cancer. Data were collected using the Tab instrument Registration Cancer Risk Factors Associated with Colon Cancer. 78.6% were female, 50.0% elderly, stage I prevailed in 57.1%, the most common signs and symptoms: data with SPSS version 21. The results were processed they were; abdominal pain, 50.0%, constipation, hair with respectively 7,1 and 21,4%, 14.3% with smoking habit, 21.6% with hypertension. Associating the risk factors and colon cancer, it was found that: there is no significant statistical relationship between: smoking and colon cancer (p = 0.877; p> 0.05), hypertension and cancer colon (p = 0.827; p> 0.05); Diabetes Mellitus and colon cancer (p = 0.172; p> 0.05); Sex and Colon Cancer (p = 0.194; p> 0.05). However with the only modifiable risk factor that was not age and colon cancer, it was found that: There is significant relationship (p = 0.00; p <0.05). In conclusion we can say that the older, the higher the risk of colon cancer.
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Neoplasmas del colon, Factores de riesgo, Diagnóstico clínico
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