Actividad antioxidante y metabolitos secundarios de tres especies vegetales procedentes de la Amazonía peruana como una alternativa de aprovechamiento sostenible
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
La presente investigación, tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antioxidante
y cuantificar algunos metabolitos secundarios de las hojas de tres especies
vegetales: Bauhinia glabra “pata de vaca”, Coussapoa asperifolia “renaco
caspi” y Cajanus cajan “puspo poroto” procedentes de la Amazonía Peruana,
como una alternativa de aprovechamiento sostenible. Las hojas fueron
colectadas en el Arboretum del IIAP en Jenaro Herrera, Jardín Botánico del
IMET y del INIA- Iquitos, posteriormente secadas a 40°C y micropulverizada
para la preparación de los extractos metanólicos (macerados durante 7 días).
La metodología empleada para evaluar la actividad antioxidante in vitro, fue
mediante la inhibición del radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH•),
como especie control se utilizó Myrciaria dubia “camu camu” y para la
cuantificación de los metabolitos secundarios se utilizó los métodos de
espectofotometria Uv/vs. Las cuatro especies evaluadas inhibieron al radical
DPPH• en cada concentración: 0.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL,
30 mg/mL y 50 mg/mL. La especie control camu camu fue quien obtuvo el
mayor porcentaje de inhibición con 107.63 % y un IC50 de 1.60 mg/mL, para
el puspo poroto el mayor porcentaje de inhibición obtenido fue de 91.31% y
un IC50 de 4.27 mg/mL, para la pata de vaca fue de 89.43% y un IC50 de 4.51
mg/mL y para el renaco caspi fue de 83.90% y un IC50 de 5.60 mg/mL. En
cuanto a la cantidad de metabolitos secundarios; para polifenoles la pata de
vaca mostró mayor cantidad con 26640.08 mg/100g, para los flavonoides no
hubo diferencias significativas entre las especies, para las antocianinas el
puspo poroto mostró mayor cantidad con 61.59 mg/100g, para las catequinas
y proantocianidoles la pata de vaca mostró mayor cantidad con 0.06 mg/100g,
para las saponinas no hubo diferencias significativas entre las especies y para
los alcaloides el camu camu mostró mayor cantidad con 20.40 mg/100g.
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to quantify some secondary metabolites of the leaves of three plant species: Bahuinia glabra "pata de vaca", Coussapoa asperifolia "renaco caspi" and Cajanus cajan "puspo poroto" from the Peruvian Amazone, as an alternative for sustainable use. The leaves were collected in the IIAP Arboretum in Jenaro Herrera, Botanical Garden of IMET and INIA - Iquitos, later dried at 40 ° C and micropulverized for the preparation of methanolic extracts (macerated for 7 days). The methodology used to evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro, was through the inhibition of the free radical 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil (DPPH •), as a control specie the Myrciaria dubia "camu camu"; was used and for the quantification of the Secondary metabolites were used spectrophotometry methods Uv / vs. The four species evaluated inhibited the DPPH• radical in each concentration: 0.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL and 50 mg / mL. The control specie camu camu was the one that obtained the highest percentage of inhibition with 107.63% and an IC50 of 1.60 mg / mL, for the puspo poroto the highest percentage of inhibition obtained was 91.31% and an IC50 of 4.27 mg / mL, for the pata de vaca was 89.43% and an IC50 of 4.51 mg / mL and for renaco caspi was 83.90% and an IC50 of 5.60 mg / mL. Regarding the amount of secondary metabolites; For polyphenols the pata de vaca showed more with 26640.08 mg / 100g, for the flavonoids there were no significant differences between the species, for the anthocyanins the puspo poroto showed greater quantity with 61.59 mg / 100g, for the catechins and proanthocyanidols the pata de vaca showed greater quantity with 0.06 mg / 100g, for saponins there were no significant differences between the species and for
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to quantify some secondary metabolites of the leaves of three plant species: Bahuinia glabra "pata de vaca", Coussapoa asperifolia "renaco caspi" and Cajanus cajan "puspo poroto" from the Peruvian Amazone, as an alternative for sustainable use. The leaves were collected in the IIAP Arboretum in Jenaro Herrera, Botanical Garden of IMET and INIA - Iquitos, later dried at 40 ° C and micropulverized for the preparation of methanolic extracts (macerated for 7 days). The methodology used to evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro, was through the inhibition of the free radical 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil (DPPH •), as a control specie the Myrciaria dubia "camu camu"; was used and for the quantification of the Secondary metabolites were used spectrophotometry methods Uv / vs. The four species evaluated inhibited the DPPH• radical in each concentration: 0.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL and 50 mg / mL. The control specie camu camu was the one that obtained the highest percentage of inhibition with 107.63% and an IC50 of 1.60 mg / mL, for the puspo poroto the highest percentage of inhibition obtained was 91.31% and an IC50 of 4.27 mg / mL, for the pata de vaca was 89.43% and an IC50 of 4.51 mg / mL and for renaco caspi was 83.90% and an IC50 of 5.60 mg / mL. Regarding the amount of secondary metabolites; For polyphenols the pata de vaca showed more with 26640.08 mg / 100g, for the flavonoids there were no significant differences between the species, for the anthocyanins the puspo poroto showed greater quantity with 61.59 mg / 100g, for the catechins and proanthocyanidols the pata de vaca showed greater quantity with 0.06 mg / 100g, for saponins there were no significant differences between the species and for
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Keywords
Extractos vegetales, Antioxidante, Pata de vaca, Bauhinia glabra, Renaco caspi, Coussapoa asperofolia, Puspo poroto, Cajanus cajan
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