Evaluación de la actividad antimalárica in vitro de extractos de especies vegetales del género Piper frente a Plasmodium falciparum, Iquitos, Perú 2019
Abstract
La presentación de cepas resistentes a fármacos antimaláricos resalta la importancias de valorar nuevas alternativas terapéuticas, por ello el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar la actividad antimalárica in vitro de extractos de especies del género Piper frente a Plasmodium falciparum. Se diseñó un estudio experimental, a partir de las especies recolectadas se prepararon los extractos etanólicos. La evaluación fue realizada frente a la cepa 3D7 y FCR3. Se utilizó difosfato de Cloroquina y la corteza de Remijia peruviana como control positivo. Se realizó la medición de la parasitemia por citometría de flujo. Se midió el porcentaje de inhibición y se estableció la CI50. De las 11 especies vegetales estudiadas Piper tridentipilum C. DC. (3D7: 5.24 μg/mL; FCR3: 2.64 μg/mL), Piper stellipilum (Miq.) C. DC. (3D7: 5.32 μg/mL; FCR3: 4.18 μg/mL), Piper longeacuminatum Trel (3D7: 4.69 μg/mL; FCR3: 3.8 μg/mL) y Piper pseudoarboreum Yunck (3D7: 4.25 μg/mL; FCR3: 5.1 μg/mL) presentaron actividad antimalárica frente a ambas cepas. The dissemination of antimalarial resistant strains highlights the need for new therapeutic alternatives, the present study has as general objective to evaluate the in vitro antimalarial activity of 11 vegetable species of the genus Piper against strains of Plasmodium falciparum. An experimental study was conducted. The ethanolic extracts were obtained from species collected in the Peruvian Amazon. In vitro antimalarial activity was evaluated against to 3D7 and FCR3 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. As a positive control, Chloroquine Diphosphate and the ethanolic extract of the bark of Remijia peruviana were used. Parasitemia was determined by flow cytometry (BD FACScalibur) by staining with ethidium bromide (10 μg/ml). The percentage of inhibition was determined and the IC50 was established by an activity curve: dose-response. (CI = 95%, p = 0.05). Of the 11 plant species studied Piper tridentipilum C. DC. (3D7: 5.24 μg/mL; FCR3: 2.64 μg/mL), Piper stellipilum (Miq.) C. DC. (3D7: 5.32 μg/mL; FCR3: 4.18 μg/mL), Piper longeacuminatum Trel (3D7: 4.69 μg/mL; FCR3: 3.8 μg/mL) and Piper pseudoarboreum Yunck (3D7: 4.25 μg/mL; FCR3: 5.1 μg/mL) presented antimalarial activity against both strains.
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