Higiene oral antes y después de la instalación de prótesis en pacientes de la Clínica odontológica UNAP 2014-2018
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
La Facultad de Odontología (FO) de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía
Peruana (UNAP) brinda servicios de salud bucal, entre estos servicios se
encuentra los tratamientos prostodónticos, de gran demanda, debido al alto
índice de pacientes edéntulos. La pérdida o ausencia de piezas dentarias,
totales o parciales, afecta el sistema estomatognático, que disminuye la
capacidad masticatoria, fonética y estética de la persona, son estas razones
que motivan a que la actividad odontológica se preocupe por la rehabilitación
de los pacientes que presentan ausencia de piezas dentarias total o parcial, y
de acuerdo a la evaluación y planificación del tratamiento puede ser de tipo
fijo o removible. Por tal motivo la presente investigación tiene como propósito
resolver la siguiente interrogante: ¿existe diferencia en el índice de higiene
oral entre antes y después de la instalación de prótesis dentales en pacientes
de la clínica odontológica FO - UNAP de los años 2014 al 2018? Para tal se
planteó como objetivo general determinar dicha diferencia en el índice de
higiene oral. El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo; de tipo observacional,
retrospectivo, transversal y analítico; de alcance descriptivo con diseño no
experimental Transeccional descriptivo. La población estuvo constituida por
190 pacientes atendido en FO –UNAP 2014 – 2018, el muestreo fue censal,
se utilizó el análisis documental y ficha de recolección de datos. Se utilizó la
estadística no paramétrica Chi cuadrado de homogeneidad con un nivel de
significancia del 5%. Se concluyó que existe diferencia en el índice de higiene
oral entre antes y después de la instalación de prótesis en pacientes de la
clínica odontológica FO - UNAP de los años 2014 al 2018; dichas diferencias
se presentan después de la respectiva instalación en las categorías de índice
higiene oral, con mayor porcentaje en el índice bueno.
The Faculty of Dentistry (FO) of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP) provides oral health services, among these services are prosthodontic treatments, in great demand, due to the high rate of edentulous patients. The loss or absence of teeth, total or partial, affects the stomatognathic system, which reduces the chewing, phonetic and aesthetic capacity of the person, these are reasons that motivate dental activity to worry about the rehabilitation of patients who present total or partial absence of teeth, and according to the evaluation and treatment planning it can be fixed or removable. For this reason, the present research aims to resolve the following question: is there a difference in the oral hygiene index between before and after the installation of dental prostheses in patients of the FO - UNAP dental clinic from 2014 to 2018? For this purpose, the general objective was to determine said difference in the oral hygiene index. The study has a quantitative approach; observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical; Descriptive in scope with non-experimental descriptive Transsectional design. The population consisted of 190 patients attended at FO –UNAP 2014 - 2018, the sampling was census, the documentary analysis and data collection sheet were used. The non-parametric Chi square statistic of homogeneity was used with a significance level of 5%. It was concluded that there is a difference in the oral hygiene index between before and after the installation of prostheses in patients of the FO - UNAP dental clinic from 2014 to 2018; These differences appear after the respective installation in the categories of oral hygiene index, with a higher percentage in the good index.
The Faculty of Dentistry (FO) of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP) provides oral health services, among these services are prosthodontic treatments, in great demand, due to the high rate of edentulous patients. The loss or absence of teeth, total or partial, affects the stomatognathic system, which reduces the chewing, phonetic and aesthetic capacity of the person, these are reasons that motivate dental activity to worry about the rehabilitation of patients who present total or partial absence of teeth, and according to the evaluation and treatment planning it can be fixed or removable. For this reason, the present research aims to resolve the following question: is there a difference in the oral hygiene index between before and after the installation of dental prostheses in patients of the FO - UNAP dental clinic from 2014 to 2018? For this purpose, the general objective was to determine said difference in the oral hygiene index. The study has a quantitative approach; observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical; Descriptive in scope with non-experimental descriptive Transsectional design. The population consisted of 190 patients attended at FO –UNAP 2014 - 2018, the sampling was census, the documentary analysis and data collection sheet were used. The non-parametric Chi square statistic of homogeneity was used with a significance level of 5%. It was concluded that there is a difference in the oral hygiene index between before and after the installation of prostheses in patients of the FO - UNAP dental clinic from 2014 to 2018; These differences appear after the respective installation in the categories of oral hygiene index, with a higher percentage in the good index.
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Higiene bucal, Implantación de prótesis dental, Clínicas odontológicas
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