Factores asociados al dengue grave en pacientes hospitalizados: estudio de casos y controles en Iquitos, Perú, 2018-2025
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
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El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y laboratoriales asociados al dengue grave, así como identificar los factores independientemente asociados mediante regresión logística, en pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de dengue hospitalizados en los principales establecimientos de salud de Iquitos, Perú, durante el periodo 2018–2025. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles no pareado 1:2 con recolección retrospectiva de datos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 315 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de dengue, distribuidos en 105 casos con dengue grave y 210 controles con dengue con signos de alarma, hospitalizados en el Hospital Regional de Loreto, Hospital de Apoyo Iquitos y Hospital III Iquitos EsSalud entre 2018 y 2025. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, bivariado mediante el cálculo de Odds Ratio crudos (ORc) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) y análisis multivariado mediante regresión logística binaria múltiple utilizando el método Backward Stepwise. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 17 años (RIQ: 10–29) y el 53,0% de los pacientes correspondió al sexo femenino. En el análisis multivariado, los factores independientemente asociados al dengue grave fueron la hiperbilirrubinemia (bilirrubina total ≥1,2 mg/dL) (ORa=10,000; IC95%: 3,185–31,250; p<0,001), la elevación de la TGP (ORa=9,709; IC95%: 3,846–24,390; p<0,001), la presencia de hepatomegalia (ORa=5,914; IC95%: 2,044–17,112; p=0,001), los leucocitos <4 000/mm³ (ORa=3,535; IC95%: 1,14810,885; p=0,028), la disminución del recuento de plaquetas (ORa=2,448; IC95%: 1,100–5,448; p=0,028), el incremento del hematocrito (ORa=1,132; IC95%: 1,0661,203; p<0,001) y el incremento de la edad (ORa=1,040; IC95%: 1,003–1,079; p=0,036). El modelo mostró un adecuado ajuste mediante la prueba de Hosmer Lemeshow (χ²=15,086; p=0,057) y una excelente capacidad discriminativa (AUC=0,972). Conclusiones: La hiperbilirrubinemia, la elevación de la TGP, la presencia de hepatomegalia, los leucocitos<4 000/mm³, la disminución del recuento de plaquetas, el incremento del hematocrito y el incremento de la edad se asociaron independientemente con el dengue grave. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la evaluación clínica y laboratorial temprana para identificar a los pacientes con mayor riesgo de desarrollar formas graves de la enfermedad y optimizar las estrategias de manejo hospitalario.
Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory factors associated with severe dengue, as well as to identify the factors independently associated through logistic regression, in patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue hospitalized in the main healthcare facilities of Iquitos, Peru, during the 2018–2025 period. Methods: An observational, analytical, unmatched 1:2 case-control study with retrospective data collection was conducted. The sample consisted of 315 patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue, including 105 cases with severe dengue and 210 controls with dengue with warning signs, hospitalized at Hospital Regional de Loreto, Hospital de Apoyo Iquitos, and Hospital III Iquitos–EsSalud between 2018 and 2025. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis using crude Odds Ratios (cOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and multivariable binary logistic regression using the Backward Stepwise method were performed. Results: The median age was 17 years (IQR: 10–29), and 53.0% of the patients were female. Multivariable analysis identified hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin ≥1.2 mg/dL) (aOR=10.000; 95% CI: 3.185–31.250; p<0.001), elevated ALT (aOR=9.709; 95% CI: 3.846–24.390; p<0.001), hepatomegaly (aOR=5.914; 95% CI: 2.044–17.112; p=0.001), leukocyte count <4,000/mm³ (aOR=3.535; 95% CI: 1.148–10.885; p=0.028), decreased platelet count (aOR=2.448; 95% CI: 1.100–5.448; p=0.028), increased hematocrit (aOR=1.132; 95% CI: 1.066–1.203; p<0.001), and older age (aOR=1.040; 95% CI: 1.003–1.079; p=0.036) as factors independently associated with severe dengue. The model showed adequate goodness of fit according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ²=15.086; p=0.057) and excellent discriminatory ability (AUC=0.972). Conclusions: Hyperbilirubinemia, elevated ALT, hepatomegaly, leukocyte count <4,000/mm³, decreased platelet count, increased hematocrit, and older age were independently associated with severe dengue. These findings highlight the importance of early clinical and laboratory assessment to identify patients at higher risk of developing severe dengue and to optimize hospital management strategies. Keywords: Severe dengue, associated factors, logistic regression, hepatomegaly, bilirubin, hematocrit.
Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory factors associated with severe dengue, as well as to identify the factors independently associated through logistic regression, in patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue hospitalized in the main healthcare facilities of Iquitos, Peru, during the 2018–2025 period. Methods: An observational, analytical, unmatched 1:2 case-control study with retrospective data collection was conducted. The sample consisted of 315 patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue, including 105 cases with severe dengue and 210 controls with dengue with warning signs, hospitalized at Hospital Regional de Loreto, Hospital de Apoyo Iquitos, and Hospital III Iquitos–EsSalud between 2018 and 2025. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis using crude Odds Ratios (cOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and multivariable binary logistic regression using the Backward Stepwise method were performed. Results: The median age was 17 years (IQR: 10–29), and 53.0% of the patients were female. Multivariable analysis identified hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin ≥1.2 mg/dL) (aOR=10.000; 95% CI: 3.185–31.250; p<0.001), elevated ALT (aOR=9.709; 95% CI: 3.846–24.390; p<0.001), hepatomegaly (aOR=5.914; 95% CI: 2.044–17.112; p=0.001), leukocyte count <4,000/mm³ (aOR=3.535; 95% CI: 1.148–10.885; p=0.028), decreased platelet count (aOR=2.448; 95% CI: 1.100–5.448; p=0.028), increased hematocrit (aOR=1.132; 95% CI: 1.066–1.203; p<0.001), and older age (aOR=1.040; 95% CI: 1.003–1.079; p=0.036) as factors independently associated with severe dengue. The model showed adequate goodness of fit according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ²=15.086; p=0.057) and excellent discriminatory ability (AUC=0.972). Conclusions: Hyperbilirubinemia, elevated ALT, hepatomegaly, leukocyte count <4,000/mm³, decreased platelet count, increased hematocrit, and older age were independently associated with severe dengue. These findings highlight the importance of early clinical and laboratory assessment to identify patients at higher risk of developing severe dengue and to optimize hospital management strategies. Keywords: Severe dengue, associated factors, logistic regression, hepatomegaly, bilirubin, hematocrit.
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