Análisis de los microcréditos formal e informal en el mercado modelo de la ciudad de Iquitos, período 2015
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general estudiar el microcrédito formal e informal como fuente de financiamiento en los comerciantes del mercado Modelo de la ciudad de Iquitos. La investigación fue descriptiva y el diseño de tipo transversal, para llevarla a cabo se determinó una muestra poblacional de 291 comerciantes que reciben financiamiento de fuentes formales e informales, con edades entre 18 y 65 años, quienes fueron seleccionados según tabla de números aleatorios. A ellos se les aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas, las conclusiones, señalan que la actividad más relevante es la venta de abarrotes, frutas y verduras (24.05%); el tiempo que tienen en la actividad es de tres a diez años (36.43%); es la única actividad que desarrollan (86.25%), y cuentan únicamente con carnet de vendedor expedido por la administración del mercado (76.63%). Se identificó que existe un alto porcentaje de los comerciantes que ya tiene experiencia con el microcrédito formal (72.51%); pero también existe un significativo porcentaje (27.49%) que no tiene ninguna experiencia. Los encuestados manifestaron que siempre lo obtienen (33.33%); el sistema financiero les otorgó alguna facilidad (30.33%); juntan el dinero con alguna facilidad (41.71%); obtuvieron el préstamo principalmente de las cajas municipales (39.34%) y de bancos (29.86%); el plazo de devolución del crédito es de seis a doce meses (49.29%); la tasa de interés indicaron algo barato y muy barato (35.07%). Se identificó que existe un alto porcentaje de los comerciantes que tiene preferencia por el microcrédito informal (81.10%); pero también existe un mínimo porcentaje (18.90%) que no tiene ninguna experiencia. Los encuestados manifestaron que siempre lo obtienen (40.21%); el sistema informal les otorgó muchas facilidades (80.51%); juntan el dinero con facilidad (68.64%); la tasa de interés es muy caro (51.69%), y el (27.12%) participa en un sistema de junta o pandero.
The present research work had as a general objective to study the formal and informal micro-credit as a source of financing for the traders of Modelo market in the city of Iquitos. The research was descriptive and cross-sectional design, in order to carry this out a population sampling of 291 traders who receive funding from formal and informal sources was determined-aged between 18 and 65. They were selected by random number table and answered a survey. They were applied a questionnaire, the findings indicate that the most relevant activity is the sale of groceries, fruits and vegetables (24.05%). The length of time they are in the activity is from three to ten years (36.43%). It is the only activity they do (86.25%). Those who only have a seller´s permit by the market administration (76.63%). It was identified that there is a high percentage of traders who already have experience with formal micro-credit (72.51%); but there is also a significant percentage (27.49%) which has no experience. The respondent stated that manifested they always get it (33.33%). The financial system has granted them some facilities (30.33%). Those who save money with difficulty (41.71%). Those who obtained the loan from the Municipal Savings (39.34%). And from loan banks (29.86%). The loan repayment period is from 6 to 12 months (49.29%). The interest rate indicated something cheap and very cheap (35.07%). It was identified that there is a high percentage of traders who have a preference for informal microcredit (81.10%), but there is a minimum percentage (18.90%) which has no experience. The respondent expressed respect to the preference with the informal microcredit: the respondents said they always obtain it (40.21%). The informal system granted them many facilities (80.51%). Those who save money easily (68.64%). The interest rate is very expensive (51.69%). And the 27.12% is financed by the “pandero” (an informal type of loan system).
The present research work had as a general objective to study the formal and informal micro-credit as a source of financing for the traders of Modelo market in the city of Iquitos. The research was descriptive and cross-sectional design, in order to carry this out a population sampling of 291 traders who receive funding from formal and informal sources was determined-aged between 18 and 65. They were selected by random number table and answered a survey. They were applied a questionnaire, the findings indicate that the most relevant activity is the sale of groceries, fruits and vegetables (24.05%). The length of time they are in the activity is from three to ten years (36.43%). It is the only activity they do (86.25%). Those who only have a seller´s permit by the market administration (76.63%). It was identified that there is a high percentage of traders who already have experience with formal micro-credit (72.51%); but there is also a significant percentage (27.49%) which has no experience. The respondent stated that manifested they always get it (33.33%). The financial system has granted them some facilities (30.33%). Those who save money with difficulty (41.71%). Those who obtained the loan from the Municipal Savings (39.34%). And from loan banks (29.86%). The loan repayment period is from 6 to 12 months (49.29%). The interest rate indicated something cheap and very cheap (35.07%). It was identified that there is a high percentage of traders who have a preference for informal microcredit (81.10%), but there is a minimum percentage (18.90%) which has no experience. The respondent expressed respect to the preference with the informal microcredit: the respondents said they always obtain it (40.21%). The informal system granted them many facilities (80.51%). Those who save money easily (68.64%). The interest rate is very expensive (51.69%). And the 27.12% is financed by the “pandero” (an informal type of loan system).
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Crédito, Análisis macroeconómico, Mercado
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