Obtención y caracterización de gelatina de piel de Doncella (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) y aplicación como encapsulante de compuestos bioactivos
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
La utilización de subproductos generados durante el procesamiento del pescado,
tiene gran potencial para la obtención de materiales innovadores que pueden ser
usados en sistemas de encapsulación de bioactivos. El objetivo de este estudio
fue obtener y caracterizar gelatina a partir de piel de Doncella (Pseudoplatystoma
fasciatum) para su empleo como material de cobertura junto a goma arábiga en
la producción de micropartículas por coacervación compleja, conteniendo aceite
de aguaje como material activo (MA). La gelatina obtenida de piel de Doncella
(GD) fue caracterizada con relación al rendimiento de extracción, composición
centesimal, punto de fusión, perfil de textura, fuerza de gel y distribución de masa
molar. Asimismo, las micropartículas producidas fueron evaluadas en cuanto a
su morfología, diámetro medio y eficiencia de encapsulación (EE). Además,
gelatina porcina comercial (GP) fue empleada en ambos ensayos para las
respectivas comparaciones fisicoquímicas. Fue encontrado que la GD presentó
punto de fusión de 29.1°C, masa molar con bandas definidas (200 KDa, 150 KDa
y 120 KDa) y fuerza de gel de 228.9 g. Por otro lado, la utilización de diferentes
estequiometrias con relación al material activo (50%, 75% y 100%) influenció
sobre el %EE; a medida que se aumentó la concentración del material activo,
disminuyó el %EE. Asimismo, la aplicación de diferentes velocidades de
homogenización no produjo diferencias significativas con relación al %EE
(p>0.05). Los diámetros medios de las micropartículas producidas con GD y GP,
fueron de 117.40 μm ± 38.05 y 105.39 μm ± 37.93, respectivamente. Podemos
concluir que la gelatina de piel de Doncella es un material encapsulante con
características similares a la gelatina porcina, de esta manera, se promueve la
producción de micropartículas coacervadas para aplicaciones alimenticias.
Palabras claves: gelatina de piel de Doncella, goma arábiga, Pseudoplatystoma
fasciatum, eficiencia de encapsulación, coacervación compleja.
The use of byproducts generated during fish processing has enormous potential for obtaining innovative materials that can be used in bioactive encapsulation systems. The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize gelatin from Doncella (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) skin as its use as a covering material together with arabic gum in the production of microparticles by complex coacervation, containing aguaje oil as active material (MA). Gelatin obtained from Doncella skin (GD) was characterized in relation to its extraction yield, centesimal composition, melting point, texture profile, gel strength and molar mass distribution. Likewise, the microparticles produced were evaluated in terms of their morphology, average diameter and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Also, commercial porcine gelatin (GP) was used in both trials for the respective physicochemical comparisons. It was found that GD had a melting point of 29.1 °C, molar mass with defined bands (200 KDa, 150 KDa and 120 KDa) and gel strength of 228.9 g. On the other hand, the use of different stoichiometries in relation to the active material (50%, 75% and 100%) influenced on the %EE; as the concentration of active material was increased the %EE decreased. Also, the application of different speeds of homogenization did not produce significant differences in relation to %EE (p>0.05). The mean diameters of the microparticles produced with GD and GP were 117.40 μm±38.05 and 105.39 μm±37.93, respectively. We can conclude that Doncella skin gelatin is an encapsulating material with characteristics similar to porcine gelatin, in this way the production of coacervated microparticles for food applications is promoted.
The use of byproducts generated during fish processing has enormous potential for obtaining innovative materials that can be used in bioactive encapsulation systems. The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize gelatin from Doncella (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) skin as its use as a covering material together with arabic gum in the production of microparticles by complex coacervation, containing aguaje oil as active material (MA). Gelatin obtained from Doncella skin (GD) was characterized in relation to its extraction yield, centesimal composition, melting point, texture profile, gel strength and molar mass distribution. Likewise, the microparticles produced were evaluated in terms of their morphology, average diameter and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Also, commercial porcine gelatin (GP) was used in both trials for the respective physicochemical comparisons. It was found that GD had a melting point of 29.1 °C, molar mass with defined bands (200 KDa, 150 KDa and 120 KDa) and gel strength of 228.9 g. On the other hand, the use of different stoichiometries in relation to the active material (50%, 75% and 100%) influenced on the %EE; as the concentration of active material was increased the %EE decreased. Also, the application of different speeds of homogenization did not produce significant differences in relation to %EE (p>0.05). The mean diameters of the microparticles produced with GD and GP were 117.40 μm±38.05 and 105.39 μm±37.93, respectively. We can conclude that Doncella skin gelatin is an encapsulating material with characteristics similar to porcine gelatin, in this way the production of coacervated microparticles for food applications is promoted.
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Subproductos de la pesca, Gelatina, Microencapsulación, Doncella, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum
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