Relación entre la producción nacional de uva y el precio en chacra en el Perú, 2016–2024
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
La uva constituye uno de los cultivos de mayor relevancia económica en el Perú, con una participación creciente en los mercados de exportación. Sin embargo, la relación entre el volumen producido y el precio recibido por el productor en chacra ha sido poco estudiada a escala nacional y regional. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la fuerza y sentido de la relación entre la producción nacional de uva y el precio en chacra en el Perú durante el período 2016–2024. La investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y correlacional, diseño no experimental longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se trabajó con la totalidad de los registros oficiales del SIEA–MIDAGRI, correspondientes a 9 observaciones anuales nacionales y 13 departamentos productores. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva, regresión OLS, pruebas de Mann-Kendall y correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman. La producción mostró una tendencia creciente significativa (R²=0,778; p=0,0017), pasando de 689,957 TM en 2016 a un máximo de 1,011,115 TM en 2023. El precio en chacra también registró tendencia positiva (+15,1%; τ=0,722; p=0,009). A nivel nacional, la correlación fue positiva y significativa (r=+0,680; p=0,0439), mientras que en Ica principal región productora resultó negativa y de mayor magnitud (r=−0,831; p=0,0055). Se concluye que la escala de análisis determina el signo de la correlación producción-precio, y que la agregación nacional enmascara la dinámica real del mercado. Se recomienda incorporar análisis desagregados por región y variables de precio internacional en futuras investigaciones.
Grapes are one of the most economically important crops in Peru, with a growing share in export markets. However, the relationship between the volume produced and the price received by the farmer on the farm has been little studied at the national and regional levels. The objective of the study was to estimate the strength and meaning of the relationship between national grape production and farm price in Peru during the period 2016–2024. The research was quantitative, with a descriptive and correlational scope, longitudinal and retrospective non-experimental design. We worked with all the official records of the SIEA-MIDAGRI, corresponding to 9 national annual observations and 13 producing departments. The analysis included descriptive statistics, OLS regression, Mann-Kendall tests, and Pearson and Spearman correlations. Production showed a significant increasing trend (R²=0.778; p=0.0017), going from 689,957 MT in 2016 to a maximum of 1,011,115 MT in 2023. The farm price also registered a positive trend (+15.1%; τ=0.722; p=0.009). At the national level, the correlation was positive and significant (r=+0.680; p=0.0439), while in Ica, the main producing region, it was negative and of greater magnitude (r=−0.831; p=0.0055). It is concluded that the scale of analysis determines the sign of the production-price correlation, and that the national aggregation masks the real dynamics of the market. It is recommended to incorporate analyses disaggregated by region and international price variables in future research.
Grapes are one of the most economically important crops in Peru, with a growing share in export markets. However, the relationship between the volume produced and the price received by the farmer on the farm has been little studied at the national and regional levels. The objective of the study was to estimate the strength and meaning of the relationship between national grape production and farm price in Peru during the period 2016–2024. The research was quantitative, with a descriptive and correlational scope, longitudinal and retrospective non-experimental design. We worked with all the official records of the SIEA-MIDAGRI, corresponding to 9 national annual observations and 13 producing departments. The analysis included descriptive statistics, OLS regression, Mann-Kendall tests, and Pearson and Spearman correlations. Production showed a significant increasing trend (R²=0.778; p=0.0017), going from 689,957 MT in 2016 to a maximum of 1,011,115 MT in 2023. The farm price also registered a positive trend (+15.1%; τ=0.722; p=0.009). At the national level, the correlation was positive and significant (r=+0.680; p=0.0439), while in Ica, the main producing region, it was negative and of greater magnitude (r=−0.831; p=0.0055). It is concluded that the scale of analysis determines the sign of the production-price correlation, and that the national aggregation masks the real dynamics of the market. It is recommended to incorporate analyses disaggregated by region and international price variables in future research.
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