Conocimiento de reacciones adversas y cuidado posvacunación en madres con hijos menores de 5 años en una institución de salud Iquitos 2025
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre las reacciones adversas a las vacunas y los cuidados posvacunación en madres con niños menores de cinco años atendidas en la IPRESS I-3 San Antonio, en Iquitos, durante el año 2025. La investigación fue cuantitativa con un diseño no experimental, correlacional. La muestra incluyó 72 madres, y la técnica utilizada fue la entrevista. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: uno sobre conocimiento de reacciones adversas a las vacunas (validez 95% y confiabilidad 93%) y otro sobre cuidados maternos posvacunación (validez 95,75% y confiabilidad 93,75%). Los resultados mostraron que el 65,3% de las madres tenía un nivel bajo de conocimiento, el 25% un nivel medio y solo el 9,7% un nivel alto. En cuanto a los cuidados posvacunación, el 55,5% realizó cuidados malos, el 30,6% cuidados regulares y el 13,9% cuidados buenos. El análisis con la prueba Tau-b de Kendall evidenció una relación estadísticamente significativa entre conocimiento y cuidados maternos (τ-b = 0,432; IC 95%: 0,274–0,589; p < 0,001). Se concluye que el insuficiente conocimiento sobre reacciones adversas influye directamente en la calidad de los cuidados posvacunación, lo que resalta la necesidad de fortalecer la educación materna mediante sesiones educativas y acompañamiento continuo, para garantizar mejores cuidados y promover el bienestar de los niños durante la vacunación.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mothers’ knowledge about adverse vaccine reactions and the post-vaccination care provided to children under five years of age attended at IPRESS I-3 San Antonio in Iquitos during 2025. The research followed a quantitative approach with a non-experimental correlational design. The sample consisted of 72 mothers, and information was collected through interviews. Two questionnaires were applied: one focused on knowledge of adverse vaccine reactions (95% validity and 93% reliability) and another on maternal post vaccination care (95.75% validity and 93.75% reliability). The results showed that 65.3% of the mothers had a low level of knowledge, 25% had a medium level, and only 9.7% had a high level of knowledge. Regarding post vaccination care, 55.5% of the mothers provided poor care, 30.6% provided regular care, and 13.9% provided good care. Statistical analysis using Kendall’s Tau-b test revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and maternal care practices (τ-b = 0.432; 95% CI: 0.274–0.589; p < 0.001). It was concluded that limited knowledge about adverse vaccine reactions directly affects the quality of post-vaccination care provided by mothers. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening maternal education through educational sessions and continuous support in order to improve childcare practices and promote children’s well-being during the vaccination process.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mothers’ knowledge about adverse vaccine reactions and the post-vaccination care provided to children under five years of age attended at IPRESS I-3 San Antonio in Iquitos during 2025. The research followed a quantitative approach with a non-experimental correlational design. The sample consisted of 72 mothers, and information was collected through interviews. Two questionnaires were applied: one focused on knowledge of adverse vaccine reactions (95% validity and 93% reliability) and another on maternal post vaccination care (95.75% validity and 93.75% reliability). The results showed that 65.3% of the mothers had a low level of knowledge, 25% had a medium level, and only 9.7% had a high level of knowledge. Regarding post vaccination care, 55.5% of the mothers provided poor care, 30.6% provided regular care, and 13.9% provided good care. Statistical analysis using Kendall’s Tau-b test revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and maternal care practices (τ-b = 0.432; 95% CI: 0.274–0.589; p < 0.001). It was concluded that limited knowledge about adverse vaccine reactions directly affects the quality of post-vaccination care provided by mothers. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening maternal education through educational sessions and continuous support in order to improve childcare practices and promote children’s well-being during the vaccination process.
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