Relación entre la recaudación del impuesto general a las ventas y el crecimiento del producto bruto interno del sector comercio en el Perú durante el periodo 2015 – 2024
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre el crecimiento del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) del Sector Comercio y la Recaudación del Impuesto General a las Ventas (IGV) en el Perú durante el periodo 2015–2024. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa de tipo correlacional, basada en el análisis de 40 registros anuales y trimestrales de indicadores económicos y tributarios pertinentes. Los principales resultados evidenciaron una relación positiva y significativa entre el PBI del sector comercio y la recaudación del IGV, con un coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (Rho) de 0.817 y un valor p de 0.033. Asimismo, se halló una correlación positiva considerable entre la variación porcentual del PBI del sector comercio y la variación de la recaudación bruta total del IGV (Rho=0.723, p=0.027); entre el índice de ventas al por menor y la recaudación del IGV interno (Rho=0.887, p=0.021); y entre el índice de ventas al por mayor y la recaudación del IGV por importaciones (Rho=0.659, p=0.041). En conclusión, la expansión sostenida del sector comercio se refleja directamente en el fortalecimiento de la base tributaria del IGV, consolidando a este sector como un motor clave para el sostenimiento fiscal en el Perú.
The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Commerce Sector and the collection of the General Sales Tax (IGV) in Peru during the period 2015–2024. A quantitative, correlational methodology was applied, based on the analysis of 40 annual and quarterly records of relevant economic and tax indicators. The main results showed a positive and significant relationship between the GDP of the commerce sector and IGV collection, with a Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho) of 0.817 and a p-value of 0.033. Additionally, a considerable positive correlation was found between the percentage variation of the Commerce Sector’s GDP and the variation of gross total IGV collection (Rho=0.723, p=0.027); between the retail sales index and internal IGV collection (Rho=0.887, p=0.021); and between the wholesale sales index and IGV collection on imports (Rho=0.659, p=0.041). In conclusion, the sustained expansion of the commerce sector is directly reflected in the strengthening of the IGV tax base, consolidating this sector as a key driver for fiscal sustainability in Peru.
The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Commerce Sector and the collection of the General Sales Tax (IGV) in Peru during the period 2015–2024. A quantitative, correlational methodology was applied, based on the analysis of 40 annual and quarterly records of relevant economic and tax indicators. The main results showed a positive and significant relationship between the GDP of the commerce sector and IGV collection, with a Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho) of 0.817 and a p-value of 0.033. Additionally, a considerable positive correlation was found between the percentage variation of the Commerce Sector’s GDP and the variation of gross total IGV collection (Rho=0.723, p=0.027); between the retail sales index and internal IGV collection (Rho=0.887, p=0.021); and between the wholesale sales index and IGV collection on imports (Rho=0.659, p=0.041). In conclusion, the sustained expansion of the commerce sector is directly reflected in the strengthening of the IGV tax base, consolidating this sector as a key driver for fiscal sustainability in Peru.
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