Factores asociados a hiperémesis gravídica en pacientes del Hospital Regional de Loreto del 2022 al 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum is an obstetric complication characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting, which can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and significant weight loss. In Loreto, there is limited evidence on the factors associated with this condition, which hinders its adequate clinical management. Objective: To identify the factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum in patients of the Regional Hospital of Loreto from 2022 to 2025. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, case-control, retrospective study was performed. Population: The sample consisted of 112 pregnant women (56 with a diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum and 56 controls matched by gestational age). Results: Hyperemesis gravidarum occurred more frequently in cohabiting women (71.4%), with completed high school (73.2%), nulliparous (51.8%) and living in an urban area (85.7%), with a mean gestational age of 8,38 weeks. It was observed that 50.0% of the patients had hyperemesis at the time of evaluation. Statistically significant associations were found between the presence of hyperemesis gravidarum and the variables age (p=0,003), educational level (p=0,036), history of GRAVID HYPEREMESIS (p=0,001) and parity (p=0,026), which highlights the interaction between sociodemographic factors in the manifestation of this condition. Conclusions: Hyperemesis gravidarum was significantly associated with age, educational level and obstetric history. A higher frequency was observed in nulliparous women, cohabiting, with completed high school and urban residences, during the first trimester of gestation.
Introducción: La hiperemesis gravídica es una complicación obstétrica caracterizada por náuseas y vómitos persistentes, que puede conllevar a deshidratación, desequilibrio electrolítico y pérdida ponderal significativa. En Loreto, existen limitaciones en la evidencia sobre los factores asociados a esta condición, lo que dificulta su abordaje clínico adecuado. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a hiperemesis gravídica en pacientes del Hospital Regional de Loreto del 2022 al 2025. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional de casos y controles, retrospectivo y transversal. Población: La muestra estuvo conformada por 112 gestantes (56 con diagnóstico de hiperemesis gravídica y 56 controles emparejadas por edad gestacional). Resultados: La hiperemesis gravídica se presentó con mayor frecuencia en mujeres convivientes (71,4%), con secundaria completa (73.2%), nulíparas (51.8%) y residentes en zona urbana (85.7%), con una edad gestacional media de 8,38 semanas. Se observó que el 50.0% de las pacientes se encontraba cursando hiperemesis al momento de la evaluación. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de hiperemesis gravídica y las variables edad (p=0,003), nivel educativo (p=0,036), antecedentes de HIPERMESIS GRAVÍDICA (p=0,001) y paridad (p=0,026), lo que resalta la interacción entre factores sociodemográficos en la manifestación de este cuadro. Conclusiones: La hiperemesis gravídica se asoció significativamente con edad, nivel educativo y antecedentes obstétricos. Se observó mayor frecuencia en mujeres nulíparas, convivientes, con secundaria completa y residencias urbanas, durante el primer trimestre de gestación.

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Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Associated Factor, Nausea

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