Factores relacionados a los diagnósticos de enfermería en adultos con tuberculosis, residentes en zona urbana de la micro red Punchana. 2025
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
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Con la finalidad de determinar los factores asociados a los diagnósticos de enfermería en adultos con tuberculosis, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 116 adultos con tuberculosis, a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas, clínicas y laboratoriales, la escala de apoyo social MOS y una “Lista de cotejo de diagnósticos de enfermería”. La validez de contenido fue de 0,80 y la confiabilidad de 0,85. Los hallazgos evidenciaron que los participantes presentaban una mediana de edad de 41 años, predominando adultos jóvenes, varones, solteros, con instrucción secundaria y residentes en Bellavista Nanay. La mediana del tiempo de enfermedad fue de 3 meses, el 91,4% tenía tuberculosis pulmonar y el 4,3% MDR, el 95,7% recibía tratamiento de TB sensible, en forma mayoritaria se encontraba en II fase de tratamiento. El 37,1% informó molestias, principalmente “cansancio”. El 42,2% presentó comorbilidad: especialmente Diabetes Mellitus, seguido de hipertensión arterial y VIH. El apoyo social fue percibido como “bueno”, destacando el apoyo afectivo e instrumental. Los diagnósticos de enfermería de promoción de la salud más frecuentes fueron “Disposición para mejorar la autogestión de salud” y “Disposición para mejorar la alfabetización en salud”. Entre los diagnósticos basados en el problema destacaron “Disminución de tolerancia a la actividad”, “Ingesta nutricional inadecuada”, “Autogestión de la salud ineficaz”. Los diagnósticos de riesgo fueron “Riesgo de infección”, “Riesgo de soledad excesiva”. El tiempo de enfermedad y la referencia de molestias fueron los factores que mostraron mayor fuerza de asociación estadística con los diagnósticos de enfermería (p<0,05)
To determine the factors associated with nursing diagnoses in adults with tuberculosis, a quantitative, observational, and correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of 116 adults with tuberculosis, who completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, the MOS Social Support Scale, and a nursing diagnosis checklist. Content validity was 0.80 and reliability was 0.85. The findings showed that the participants had a median age of 41 years, predominantly young, male, single adults with secondary education, residing in Bellavista Nanay. The median duration of illness was 3 months; 91.4% had pulmonary tuberculosis and 4.3% had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 95.7% were receiving treatment for drug-susceptible TB, and the majority were in phase II of treatment. 37.1% reported discomfort, mainly fatigue. 42.2% presented with comorbidity, primarily diabetes mellitus, followed by hypertension and HIV. Social support was perceived as “good,” with affective and instrumental support being particularly noteworthy. The most frequent health promotion nursing diagnoses were “Readiness for enhanced health self-management” and “Readiness for enhanced health literacy.” Problem based diagnoses included “Decreased activity tolerance,” “Inadequate nutritional intake,” and “Ineffective health self-management.” Risk diagnoses included “Risk of infection” and “Risk of excessive loneliness.” Duration of illness and reported complaints were the factors that showed the strongest statistical association with nursing diagnoses (p<0.05).
To determine the factors associated with nursing diagnoses in adults with tuberculosis, a quantitative, observational, and correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of 116 adults with tuberculosis, who completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, the MOS Social Support Scale, and a nursing diagnosis checklist. Content validity was 0.80 and reliability was 0.85. The findings showed that the participants had a median age of 41 years, predominantly young, male, single adults with secondary education, residing in Bellavista Nanay. The median duration of illness was 3 months; 91.4% had pulmonary tuberculosis and 4.3% had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 95.7% were receiving treatment for drug-susceptible TB, and the majority were in phase II of treatment. 37.1% reported discomfort, mainly fatigue. 42.2% presented with comorbidity, primarily diabetes mellitus, followed by hypertension and HIV. Social support was perceived as “good,” with affective and instrumental support being particularly noteworthy. The most frequent health promotion nursing diagnoses were “Readiness for enhanced health self-management” and “Readiness for enhanced health literacy.” Problem based diagnoses included “Decreased activity tolerance,” “Inadequate nutritional intake,” and “Ineffective health self-management.” Risk diagnoses included “Risk of infection” and “Risk of excessive loneliness.” Duration of illness and reported complaints were the factors that showed the strongest statistical association with nursing diagnoses (p<0.05).
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