Factores que influyen en la aceptación de la vacuna anti-dengue entre padres de niños en atención primaria en Iquitos, 2025
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
El dengue es una enfermedad endémica en la Amazonía peruana, y la vacunación constituye una estrategia preventiva clave. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores que influyen en la aceptación de la vacuna anti-dengue entre padres de niños en atención primaria en Iquitos, 2025. Se empleó un diseño no experimental, transversal y descriptivo correlacional, participaron 155 padres. La edad promedio fue de 44,3 ± 7,7 años en padres y 39,8 ± 5,7 en madres; el 78,7% de las madres y el 74,8% de los padres tenían educación secundaria. El 72,3% de las madres eran amas de casa y el 87,1% de los padres trabajadores independientes. El 16,8% de los padres y el 5,2% de los niños habían tenido dengue previamente. La aceptación de la vacuna alcanzó el 96,8%, mientras que el 3,2 % expresó inseguridad. Las principales barreras reportadas fueron la necesidad de más información (87,7%), el tiempo de espera (60,0%) y la preocupación por efectos secundarios (25,8%). Como facilitadores, destacaron la información clara por parte de profesionales de salud (98,1%), los recordatorios para las dosis posteriores (96,1%), la gratuidad de la vacuna (98,1%) y el respaldo institucional del MINSA y el gobierno regional (70,3%). Entre las barreras, se identificó una asociación significativa entre la aceptación de la vacuna y la falta de confianza en la vacuna de Takeda aprobada por la OMS (p< 0,001; OR: 38,9), así como la percepción de una baja efectividad de las vacunas en general (p = 0,032; OR: 38,5).
Dengue is an endemic disease in the Peruvian Amazon, and vaccination is a key preventive strategy. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing acceptance of the dengue vaccine among parents of children in primary care in Iquitos, 2025. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive correlational design was used. A total of 155 parents participated. The average age was 44,3 ± 7,7 years for fathers and 39,8 ± 5,7 years for mothers; 78,7% of mothers and 74,8 % of fathers had completed secondary education. Among mothers, 72,3% were homemakers, while 87,1 % of fathers were self employed. A history of dengue was reported in 16,8% of parents and 5,2% of children. Vaccine acceptance reached 96,8%, while 3,2% reported uncertainty. The main reported barriers were the need for more information (87,7%), waiting times (60,0 %), and concerns about side effects (25,8%). Key facilitators included clear information from healthcare professionals (98,1%), reminders for subsequent doses (96,1 %), free vaccine availability (98,1%), and institutional support from the Ministry of Health and the regional government (70,3%). Among barriers, a significant association was found between vaccine acceptance and lack of confidence in the WHO-approved Takeda vaccine (p< 0,001; OR: 38,9), as well as the belief that vaccines in general are not effective (p = 0,032; OR: 38,5).
Dengue is an endemic disease in the Peruvian Amazon, and vaccination is a key preventive strategy. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing acceptance of the dengue vaccine among parents of children in primary care in Iquitos, 2025. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive correlational design was used. A total of 155 parents participated. The average age was 44,3 ± 7,7 years for fathers and 39,8 ± 5,7 years for mothers; 78,7% of mothers and 74,8 % of fathers had completed secondary education. Among mothers, 72,3% were homemakers, while 87,1 % of fathers were self employed. A history of dengue was reported in 16,8% of parents and 5,2% of children. Vaccine acceptance reached 96,8%, while 3,2% reported uncertainty. The main reported barriers were the need for more information (87,7%), waiting times (60,0 %), and concerns about side effects (25,8%). Key facilitators included clear information from healthcare professionals (98,1%), reminders for subsequent doses (96,1 %), free vaccine availability (98,1%), and institutional support from the Ministry of Health and the regional government (70,3%). Among barriers, a significant association was found between vaccine acceptance and lack of confidence in the WHO-approved Takeda vaccine (p< 0,001; OR: 38,9), as well as the belief that vaccines in general are not effective (p = 0,032; OR: 38,5).
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