Presión sonora, zonificación acústica y su efecto en el entorno de cinco plazas de la ciudad de Iquitos
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Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Abstract
La presión sonora como elemento fundamental de la zonificación acústica, afectan negativamente el entorno de los espacios públicos donde acuden muchas personas, es por ello que la investigación propone analizar los niveles de presión sonora, su relación con la zonificación acústica y su efecto en el entorno de cinco plazas públicas de la ciudad de Iquitos durante el año 2024. Para ello se adaptó un enfoque cuantitativo con componente cualitativo, de nivel explicativo y diseño no experimental, transversal. Se realizaron mediciones con sonómetro calibrado y se aplicaron encuestas a transeúntes en cada plaza. Además, se utilizó el software QGIS versión 3.30 para la representación cartográfica del ruido y se constataron los resultados con los estándares de calidad ambiental establecidos por la normatividad peruana. Los resultados mostraron que, en tres de las cinco plazas evaluadas, los niveles de presión sonora promedio superan los valores máximos según su zonificación. En la plaza 28 de Julio alcanzó un promedio de 73.05en una zona de tipo de protección especial. Asimismo, los encuestados reportaron efectos sobre la salud y el bienestar, tales como el estrés, cansancio, trastorno de sueño, zumbido, comportamiento social, conversación, con mayor incidencia en plazas más ruidosas. Se concluye que existe diferencia significativa en dos plazas para una zona de proyección especial, lo que evidencia la necesidad de políticas públicas por parte del gobierno local.
Sound pressure, as a fundamental element of acoustic zoning, negatively affects the environment of public spaces frequented by many people. For this reason, the research aims to analyze the sound pressure levels, their relationship with acoustic zoning, and their effect on the environment of five public squares in the city of Iquitos during the year 2024. A quantitative approach with a qualitative component was adopted, with an explanatory level and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Measurements were taken using a calibrated sound level meter, and surveys were conducted with pedestrians in each square. In addition, QGIS software version 3.30 was used to generate noise maps, and the results were compared with the environmental quality standards established by Peruvian regulations. The findings showed that in three out of the five evaluated squares, the average sound pressure levels exceeded the maximum values permitted for their respective zoning categories. In Plaza 28 de Julio, for instance, an average of 73.05 dB was recorded, despite being a special protection zone. Survey respondents reported health and well-being effects such as stress, fatigue, sleep disorders, tinnitus, social behavior alterations, and communication difficulties, with greater incidence in the noisiest squares. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in two of the squares located in special protection zones, highlighting the need for public policies by the local government to address this issue.
Sound pressure, as a fundamental element of acoustic zoning, negatively affects the environment of public spaces frequented by many people. For this reason, the research aims to analyze the sound pressure levels, their relationship with acoustic zoning, and their effect on the environment of five public squares in the city of Iquitos during the year 2024. A quantitative approach with a qualitative component was adopted, with an explanatory level and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Measurements were taken using a calibrated sound level meter, and surveys were conducted with pedestrians in each square. In addition, QGIS software version 3.30 was used to generate noise maps, and the results were compared with the environmental quality standards established by Peruvian regulations. The findings showed that in three out of the five evaluated squares, the average sound pressure levels exceeded the maximum values permitted for their respective zoning categories. In Plaza 28 de Julio, for instance, an average of 73.05 dB was recorded, despite being a special protection zone. Survey respondents reported health and well-being effects such as stress, fatigue, sleep disorders, tinnitus, social behavior alterations, and communication difficulties, with greater incidence in the noisiest squares. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in two of the squares located in special protection zones, highlighting the need for public policies by the local government to address this issue.
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